International

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

Addressing external shocks: central bank strategies

External shocks—ranging from commodity-price spikes, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and sudden stops of capital—pose immediate and diverse challenges for central banks. The appropr...

Economy

Istanbul, in Turkey: What makes a retail concept scalable across diverse neighborhoods

Scaling retail in Istanbul: a guide to neighborhood diversity

Istanbul is a megacity of contrasts: dense historic cores, high-tourist corridors, modern business districts, sprawling suburban neighborhoods, and two continents linked by ferries...

Investments and Business

Circular economy as a solution for sustainable development challenges

Circular economy as a solution for sustainable development challenges

The circular economy is transforming how societies manufacture, use, and steward resources. By prolonging product lifecycles and cutting waste, this approach provides environmental, economic, and social advantages that reinforce long-term sustainable development.For decades, econ...